Stats1. A 69-year-old man is discussed at a practice journal club using a practice COPD case-finding project. Against the reference standard of COPD on post-bronchodilator spirometry, the 2×2 counts for a screening questionnaire flag are: true positives 58, false positives 40, false negatives 22, true negatives 80. What is the sensitivity (nearest value among the options)? Select TWO correct statements.Select all that apply.A. Most appropriate: 72.5%B. The following is not the most appropriate next step: 59.2%C. Most appropriate: 66.7%D. Most appropriate: 69.0%Check
Stats2. A practice wants to study whether a rarely prescribed antibiotic is associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome. Which design is most efficient? Select TWO correct statements.Select all that apply.A. Most appropriate: Case–control study of SJS cases versus controls, looking back at antibiotic exposureB. The following is not the most appropriate next step: Parallel-group RCT of the antibiotic versus placebo powered for SJSC. Most appropriate: Cross-sectional survey of current antibiotic users’ skin symptomsD. Most appropriate: Diagnostic accuracy study against dermatology photographyCheck
Stats3. Which question is a prospective cohort best placed to answer in UK general practice research? Select TWO correct statements.Select all that apply.A. Most appropriate: What is the 5-year risk of heart failure after a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?B. The following is not the most appropriate next step: What is the accuracy of a new point-of-care device against laboratory HbA1c?C. Most appropriate: What is the current prevalence of housebound patients on one afternoon?D. Most appropriate: Does randomising practices to a new template reduce admissions next week?Check
Stats4. In a trial of a weight-management programme, 18% of the intervention arm never attended. Analysts still analyse everyone as randomised. What is this approach called?A. Crossover as-treated analysisB. Intention-to-treat analysisC. Per-protocol analysisD. Complete-case analysis restricted to attendersCheck
Stats5. A funnel plot of small trials of acupuncture for migraine is described as asymmetrical, with small studies missing from the side showing little or no benefit. What concern does this raise first?A. Publication or small-study bias until a better explanation is shownB. That randomisation was unblinded in all large trialsC. That the outcome was continuous rather than binaryD. That intention-to-treat was incorrectly appliedCheck
Stats6. A Kaplan–Meier figure is described: two survival curves separate steadily; the reported hazard ratio is 0.72. Why should you not treat this as a 28% reduction in risk at 5 years? Select TWO correct statements.Select all that apply.A. Most appropriate: A hazard ratio is an instantaneous relative hazard and is not identical to a risk ratio at a fixed timeB. The following is not the most appropriate next step: A hazard ratio of 0.72 means median survival increased by 72%C. Most appropriate: Hazard ratios only apply when p > 0.05D. Most appropriate: Kaplan–Meier plots cannot be used if anyone is censoredCheck
Stats7. A survey finds people who report high screen time also report more insomnia the same week. Why is causal inference weak? The most appropriate action is: Surveys cannot measure prevalence, only incidenceTRUE. TrueFALSE. FalseCheck
Stats8. A new ‘GP chest pain rule’ was derived in a coronary care unit. Why might specificity look worse in surgery?A. Different disease spectrum and alternative diagnoses change diagnostic performance (spectrum bias)B. Sensitivity is mathematically identical to specificity in primary careC. NICE forbids using hospital-derived rules in general practiceD. Likelihood ratios become negative numbers outside hospitalCheck
Stats9. What does a quality-adjusted life year combine? The most appropriate action is: Absolute risk reduction and number needed to treatTRUE. TrueFALSE. FalseCheck
Stats10. In NICE clinical guideline language, which pairing is most accurate?A. ‘Do not offer’ means the intervention is illegal in NHS general practiceB. ‘Offer’ and ‘consider’ are interchangeable synonyms in NICE writingC. ‘Offer’ signals a stronger recommendation than ‘consider’D. ‘Consider’ is reserved for technologies with ICER below £20,000/QALYCheck